🪣 钱多多帮你堵漏

先讲个真事。我以前一位同事，订了 Audible，一个月大概 15 美元。书没听几本，退订又嫌麻烦，就一直"对付"着。一年多以后他算了算：两百多美元，就这么一个月一个月静静地流走了。

健身卡、云盘、各种会员，都是同一种漏——金额不大不小，刚好卡在"不值得专门跑一趟"的区间里。而"先对付着"，往往是最贵的消费习惯。

🧰 堵法：把账单拉出来，一条条问自己——这个月，我用它了吗？没用的，先砍再说。省下的就是赚到的。

A former colleague subscribed to Audible — about $15 a month. He barely listened, but canceling felt like a hassle, so he "let it ride" for over a year: $200+ quietly gone. Gym memberships, cloud storage, add-on subscriptions — same leak, same psychology: small enough to ignore, annoying enough to postpone. Fix: audit every recurring charge and ask — did I actually use this month? If not, cancel first.

401(k)、403(b) 和 TSP 有个很少有人讲的规矩：单位的 match，按发薪周期（pay period）算，不按年度薪资总额。403(b) 常见于公立学校、非营利机构和医疗机构——有单位 match 的，同样要防这个坑。（403(b) 的配比是雇主自愿提供，IRS 不强制；先确认你的计划有没有这一项。）

于是坑来了：如果你按工资百分比投，又在年中升了职、拿了奖金——百分比算在更高的工资上，奖金也要扣一截——你很可能十月、十一月就把全年额度顶满。后面几个发薪周期，你的投入是零，单位的 match 也跟着是零。月薪一万、match 5%，一个月就是 500 美元；年底漏掉两三个月，一千多美元单位白送的钱没了。最讽刺的是：越是表现好的人，越容易中招。

🧰 堵法：别用百分比，改成每次固定金额——全年额度除以一年的发薪次数（联邦双周薪通常 26 次，但实际次数逐年不同，以当年发薪日历为准），摊平了投，让最后一个发薪周期也在投、也在被 match。提醒：少数单位有年底补差（true-up），TSP 没有，别赌。

Employer matching in a 401(k)/403(b)/TSP is calculated per pay cycle, not from your annual salary total. 403(b) plans are common in public schools, nonprofits, and healthcare organizations — where the employer matches per pay period, the same trap applies. Note: a 403(b) employer match is optional; the IRS does not require one, so check whether your plan offers a match at all. Contribute a percentage, get a raise or a bonus mid-year, and you'll likely hit the annual limit by October — after which your contribution is zero, so the match is zero. At $10K/month with a 5% match, that's $500 a month; miss two or three months and $1,000+ of free money vanishes. The better you perform, the likelier the trap. Fix: set a fixed dollar amount — annual limit ÷ pay periods (26 for federal biweekly) — so the last paycheck of the year is still matched. Note: the TSP has no year-end true-up.

工资高了，坑也升级了。2026 年 1 月 1 日起，SECURE 2.0 新规正式强制：50 岁以上、上一年 FICA 工资超过 150,000 美元的人，401(k)/403(b)/TSP 里超出常规额度的追加投入（catch-up），必须放 Roth（税后）。

常规额度不受影响（2026 年 24,500 美元，照样可税前）；被锁的只有追加那一截，60–63 岁的 super catch-up（11,250 美元）同样适用。放错的麻烦：轻则被计划强制纠正、当年先交税；重则——计划没有 Roth 选项的话，这笔追加一分都投不进去。还有个连环扣：奖金和 RSU 都算 FICA 工资，一笔大奖金，一只脚把你送进强制 Roth 名单，另一只脚加速你顶满丢 match。

🧰 堵法：今年 50+ 且去年工资过 15 万的，去查一眼你的 catch-up 设置在哪边；计划里没有 Roth 选项的，趁早问管理员。

Since January 1, 2026, SECURE 2.0 makes it mandatory: workers over 50 whose prior-year FICA wages exceeded $150,000 must make catch-up contributions as Roth (after-tax). Regular contributions are unaffected ($24,500 in 2026, still pre-tax eligible); only the catch-up slice is locked, including the age 60–63 super catch-up ($11,250). Get it wrong and the plan corrects it — or worse, if your plan has no Roth option, catch-up contributions can't be made at all. Bonuses and RSUs count as FICA wages, so one big bonus can trigger this rule and speed you into the lost-match trap above.